Information of Ms word

History
Word 1981 to 1989

Concepts and ideas of Word were brought from Bravo, the original GUI word processor developed at Xerox PARC. On February 1, 1983, development on what was originally named Multi-Tool Word began.

Richard Brodie renamed it Microsoft Word, and Microsoft released the program October 25, 1983, for the IBM PC. Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of PC World, making it the first program to be distributed on-disk with a magazine. However, it was not well received, and sales lagged behind those of rival products such as WordPerfect. Although MS-DOS was a character-based system, Microsoft Word was the first word processor for the IBM PC that showed actual line breaks and typeface markups such as bold and italics directly on the screen while editing, although this was not a true WYSIWYG system because available displays did not have the resolution to show actual typefaces. Other DOS word processors, such as WordStar and WordPerfect, used simple text only display with markup codes on the screen or sometimes, at the most, alternative colors.

As with most DOS software, each program had its own, often complicated, set of commands and nomenclature for performing functions that had to be learned. For example, in Word for MS-DOS, a file would be saved with the sequence Escape-T-S: pressing Escape called up the menu box, T accessed the set of options for Transfer and S was for Save (the only similar interface belonged to Microsoft's own Multiplan spreadsheet). As most secretaries had learned how to use WordPerfect, companies were reluctant to switch to a rival product that offered few advantages. Desired features in Word such as indentation before typing (emulating the F4 feature in WordPerfect), the ability to block text to copy it before typing, instead of picking up mouse or blocking after typing, and a reliable way to have macros and other functions always replicate the same function time after time, were just some of Word's problems for production typing.

Word for Macintosh, despite the major differences in look and feel from the DOS version, was ported by Ken Shapiro with only minor changes from the DOS source code, which had been written with high-resolution displays and laser printers in mind although none were yet available to the general public. Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Macintosh attempted to add closer WYSIWYG features into its package. After Word for Mac was released in 1985, it gained wide acceptance.

There was no Word 2.0 for Macintosh. Instead, the second release of Word for Macintosh, shipped in 1987, was named Word 3.0; this was Microsoft's first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months Word 3.0 was superseded by Word 3.01, which was much more stable. All registered users of 3.0 were mailed free copies of 3.01, making this one of Microsoft's most expensive mistakes up to that time.

Word 1990 to 1995

Microsoft Word 5.1a
The first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989 at a price of 500 US dollars. With the release of Windows 3.0 the following year, sales began to pick up (Word for Windows 1.0 was designed for use with Windows 3.0, and its performance was poorer with the versions of Windows available when it was first released). The failure of WordPerfect to produce a Windows version proved a fatal mistake. It was version 2.0 of Word, however, that firmly established Microsoft Word as the market leader.

After MacWrite, Word for Macintosh never had any serious rivals, although programs such as Nisus Writer provided features such as non-contiguous selection which were not added until Word 2002 in Office XP. In addition, many users complained that major updates reliably came more than two years apart, too long for most business users at that time.

Word 5.1 for the Macintosh, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor due to its elegance, relative ease of use, and feature set. However, version 6.0 for the Macintosh, released in 1994, was widely derided, unlike the Windows version. It was the first version of Word based on a common codebase between the Windows and Mac versions; many accused it of being slow, clumsy and memory intensive. In response to user requests, Microsoft offered a free "downgrade" to Word 5.1 for dissatisfied Word 6.0 purchasers.

With the release of Word 6.0 in 1993 Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms; this time across the three versions for DOS, Macintosh, and Windows (where the previous version was Word for Windows 2.0). There may have also been thought to matching the current version 6.0 of WordPerfect for DOS and Windows, Word's major competitor. However, this wound up being the last version of Word for DOS. As well, subsequent versions of Word were no longer referred to by version number, and were instead named after the year of their release (e.g. Word 95 for Windows, synchronizing its name with Windows 95, and Word 98 for Macintosh), once again breaking the synchronization.

When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it released the entire version of DOS port of Microsoft Word 5.5 instead of getting people to pay for the update. As of May 2009, it is still available for download from Microsoft's web site.

Word 6.0 was actually the second attempt to develop a common codebase version of Word. The first, code-named Pyramid, had been an attempt to completely rewrite the existing Word product. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added in the same time without a rewrite. Proponents of Pyramid claimed it would have been faster, smaller, and more stable than the product that was eventually released for Macintosh, which was compiled using a beta version of Visual C++ 2.0 that targets the Macintosh, so many optimizations have to be turned off (the version 4.2.1 of Office is compiled using the final version), and sometimes use the Windows API simulation library included. Pyramid would have been truly cross-platform, with machine-independent application code and a small mediation layer between the application and the operating system.

More recent versions of Word for Macintosh are no longer ported versions of Word for Windows although some code is often appropriated from the Windows version for the Macintosh version.

Later versions of Word have more capabilities than just word processing. The Drawing tool allows simple desktop publishing operations such as adding graphics to documents. Collaboration, document comparison, multilingual support, translation and many other capabilities have been added over the years.

Word 97

Word 97 had the same general operating performance as later versions such as Word 2000. This was the first copy of Word featuring the Office Assistant, "Clippy," which was an animated helper used in all Office programs. This was a take over from the earlier launched concept in Microsoft Bob.

Word 98

Word 98 for the Macintosh gained many features of Word 97, and was bundled with the Macintosh Office 98 package. Document compatibility reached parity with Office 97 and Word on the Mac became a viable business alternative to its Windows counterpart. Unfortunately, Word on the Mac in this and later releases also became vulnerable to future Macro viruses that could compromise Word (and Excel) documents, leading to the only situation where viruses could be cross-platform. A Windows version of this was only bundled with the Japanese/Korean Microsoft Office 97 Powered By Word 98 and could not be purchased separately.

Word 2000

A screenshot of Word 2000
For most users, one of the most obvious changes introduced with Word 2000 (and the rest of the Office 2000 suite) was a clipboard that could hold multiple objects at once. Another noticeable change was that the Office Assistant, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Word 97 had annoyed many users, was changed to be less intrusive.

word 2001/Word X

Word 2001 was bundled with the Macintosh Office for that platform, acquiring most, if not all, of the feature set of Word 2000. Released in October 2000. Word 2001 was also sold individually apart from the Office suite. The Macintosh version, Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on (and require) Mac OS X.

Word 2002/XP

Word 2002 was bundled with Office XP and was released in 2001. It had many of the same features as Word 2000 but had a major new feature called the 'Task Panes', which gave quicker information and control to a lot of features that were only available in modal dialog boxes before. One of the key advertising strategies for the software was the removal of the Office Assistant in favor of a new help system, although it was simply disabled by default.

Word 2003

For the 2003 version, the Office programs, including Word, were rebranded to emphasize the unity of the Office suite, so that Microsoft Word officially became Microsoft Office Word.

Word 2004

A new Macintosh version of Office was released in May 2004. Substantial cleanup of the various applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and feature parity with Office 2003 (for Microsoft Windows) created a very usable release. Microsoft released patches through the years to eliminate most known Macro vulnerabilities from this version. While Apple released Pages and the open source community created NeoOffice, Word remains the most widely used word processor on the Macintosh.

Word 2007

The release includes numerous changes, including a new XML-based file format, a redesigned interface, an integrated equation editor and bibliographic management. Additionally, an XML data bag was introduced, accessible via the object model and file format, called Custom XML - this can be used in conjunction with a new feature called Content Controls implement structured documents. It also has contextual tabs, which are functionality specific only to the object with focus, and many other features like Live Preview (which enables you to view the document without making any permanent changes), Mini Toolbar, Super-tooltips, Quick Access toolbar, SmartArt, etc.
Word 2007 uses a new file format called docx. Word 2000-2003 users on Windows systems can install a free add-on called the "Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack" to be able to open, edit, and save the new Word 2007 files. Alternatively, Word 2007 can save to the old doc format of Word 97-2003.

Word 2008

Word 2008 is the most recent version of Microsoft Word for the Mac, released on January 15, 2008. It includes some new features from Word 2007, such as a ribbon-like feature that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. Word 2008 also features native support for the new Office Open XML format, although the old .doc format can be set as a default.

Full form to Shortform of Computer Related Tem

PC= Personal Computer
CPU= Central Processing Unit
RAM= Random Access Memory
ROM= Read Only Memory
CD= Compact Disc
DVD= Digital Video Disc
LCD= Liquid Crystal Display Unit
CRT= Cathode Ray Tube

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Booting of Computer

When we press power button/ Reset button of a comuter, then the computer starts to load all programs in its primary memory that is known as booting the computer. In short starting the computer is known as booting the computer.

a) Cold Booting

When we use power button to start the booting of computer it is known as cold booting.

b) Warm booting

When we use Alt+Ctrl+del or Reset button as well as restart menu for booting of computer it is known as warm booting.

How to protect your computer against viruses

To protect your computer against viruses, follow these steps:

a) On the computer, turn on the firewall.
b) Keep the computer operating system up-to-date.
c) Use updated antivirus software on the computer.
d) Use updated antispyware software on the computer.

Symptoms When Virus runs in our computer

If you suspect or confirm that your computer is infected with a computer virus, obtain the current antivirus software. The following are some primary indicators that a computer may be infected:

a) The computer runs slower than usual.

b) The computer stops responding, or it locks up frequently.

c) The computer crashes, and then it restarts every few minutes.

d) The computer restarts on its own. Additionally, the computer does not run as usual.

e) Applications on the computer do not work correctly.

f) Disks or disk drives are inaccessible.

d) You cannot print items correctly.

e) You see unusual error messages.

f) You see distorted menus and dialog boxes.

g) There is a double extension on an attachment that you recently opened, such as a .jpg, .vbs, .gif, or .exe. extension.

h) An antivirus program is disabled for no reason. Additionally, the antivirus program cannot be restarted.

i) An antivirus program cannot be installed on the computer, or the antivirus program will not run.

j) New icons appear on the desktop that you did not put there, or the icons are not associated with any recently installed programs.

k) Strange sounds or music plays from the speakers unexpectedly.

l) A program disappears from the computer even though you did not intentionally remove the program.

Restore Information for computer

We have all experience problems with our computers at one time or other and often times when we install a new computer program we find that what we did tended to damage our current computer settings. How often have you regretted installing a new software package and only wished that you had not done so?

Well in case you were unaware of it the Windows XP operating system package has a very unique feature which is built into the package itself. This feature is commonly known as the Windows XP System Restore. Simply put this feature of the XP operating system allows you to reset your computer to a previous date with the primary purpose of recovering data stored before your current changes were made. Often, the system restore function may be invoked when you encounter a specific operating problem especially a major one involving a recent software installation. The major advantage of all of this is that you would not have to reinstall your operating system nor all the various software packages that you had previously placed on your computer hard drive. No longer would you risk the possibility of losing all your personal preferences and your badly needed hardware and software drivers. In this manner you can still manage to work with your machine again without your data and other significant files which may be stored inside your hard drive being lost.

Your next question may be just how does this system work? The Windows XP System Restore uses specified restore points or regularly saved computer configuration snapshots that have been taken of your particular computer. These may have been taken automatically or whenever you start to install a new software package. These restore points hold all the current information about your computer such as the programs installed and all their associate perimeters. These points are what will be your reverted configuration when you invoke the system restore command. This compete restore action is accomplished easily and quickly with the use of the System Restore Wizard. You need not concern yourself with the fact that you are not a computer expert as it simply does not matter. You can still restore your computer into a working mode again using the Windows XP System Restore feature.

As previously mentioned these restore points were created from the first time that you initially installed the Windows XP Operating System. Any time you plan to make a major change to your system you can rest assured that the Sys Restore has noted this and taken the appropriate actions towards taking configuration snapshots in the event that you must once again restore your system to a previous configuration. Installing new programs and software has never been more reliable then now as you have the sys restore to back you up. By default it should be set for automatic backup operation.

BIOS Introduction

The Basic Input Output System or as it is commonly referred to as “BIOS” is considered to be a major command set which is mandatory for any computer in order to function properly. It rests second in the line of authority with the computer operating system itself being in first place. The BIOS is a firmware installation which consists of a customized standard designed to define a specific programmed interface. Actually, it is basically a booted firmware which is intended to be the initial code necessary to run a computer upon activation and initial turn on.

Basically, the BIOS’s primary functions are designed to test, initialized and identify the various system devices that reside inside the computer. These devices can range from the hard drives, the floppy drives, the video card and any other installed hardware that could be found inside your machine. These tasks are absolutely necessary in order to prepare your computer for your intended purpose. The BIOS sets your machine to a stable state where the installed software can effectively be loaded, properly controlled and executed in its intended purpose. The initial running and operation of the BIOS with your computer is officially termed bootstrapping but for simplicity is has been referred often to merely booting or booting up the operating system.

The needed commands and programs found in the computer’s BIOS system are safely stored in a small microchip on the mother board. These programs are designed by the manufacturer to work effectively with many of the devices which are found on the modern machines. You may find several complimentary chipset within your computer system. In short, these BIOS programs are similar to mini-libraries composed of fundamental input and output functions which the operating system can instantly invoke anytime the need arises for a particular hardware capability. As an example, suppose you have a need to control the computer keyboard, the hard drives and any other device in the machine then the BIOS would send the necessary signals and commands to the microprocessor and active the hardware. In some types of PC’s such as the IBM or the older AT versions a few of the devices such as the hard drives and some video adapters could perhaps have their own BIOS.

In our modern day computer systems most BIOS have the capability to be upgraded which is a very vital aspect of computer design. You can readily appreciate this idea when you consider all the updated hardware that arrives at the market place daily. Your computer would need to have some immediate way of knowing the critical details concerning this new equipment. This process is known as flashing the BIOS. It is a procedure that must be accomplished carefully and it is vital that you understand exactly what you are doing.

What is Bluetooth?

If you were to perform a quick check upon many of the online market places which deal with electronic-communications equipment and gadgets you would readily notice a common form of technology. The technology of which I am referring to is universally known as Bluetooth. This technology is simply a certain specification that must be incorporated within the devices to enable that device to function and communicate over very short distances. As an example you may have two specific gadgets like a computer and a wireless telephone. These devices can work effectively together and even swap files with the use of a low power communications system assuming that both of these units incorporate and are equipped with the Bluetooth technology.
Initially when this technology was first introduced to the industry and placed on the marketplace it was first viewed as a viable alternative to the once popular RS232 data transfer system. Unfortunately, the Bluetooth technology was unable to upset the current trend for RS232 and failed to replace the system. This failure was principally because the technology of the RS232 can effectively connect a vast number of different devices together without having to deal with the common issues of synchronization. Bluetooth technology did however open its own avenues of importance and developed its own uses. It became especially known for its low power consumption within a short range. Two or more devices equipped with this Bluetooth technology can work with each other from at least one meter to as much as 100 meters without the lose of the signal and perform these tasks wirelessly. It is the Bluetooth’s ability to function in a short, limited distance and its wireless capability that provides it with its greatest asset. Keep in mind however that the moment one of the gadgets are no longer in the immediate range of each other then the equipment can no longer communicate with each other even if both of them are equipped with the Bluetooth technology.
Since the Bluetooth uses the radio broadcast communications systems for its ability to function then all the equipment that is required to work together need not line up merely to facilitate its individual file sharing session. Multiple tasks can easily be accomplished according to the capabilities of the equipment itself.
Bluetooth has progressed to the status of a common everyday technology which is now popularly used on the majority of mobile cell phones and those which provide for hands free operation in particular. This technology is also a growing feature that is found more or less on many pieces of equipment that is being developed for the personal computers, communications devices as well as for the gaming consoles and entertainment devices popular with young people today. Bluetooth is definitely here to stay.

How to Clean History on Computer

Everywhere that you go on the internet is recorded somewhere on your computer. All activities that you do are recorded on this amazing machine. In reality your computer is your biggest spy that you can find. It carefully keeps track of everything that you do. Perhaps you are not such a fan of this eavesdropping that your computer is doing to your activities. If that is the case please read on as we explain how to clean your history file on your computer.There are several reasons why someone would want to have the history file cleaned. By eliminating a lot of the history you can make your computer operate faster. The larger the history file the slower your PC will perform. Secondly, perhaps you just don’t wish to have everyone know where you have gone on the internet. If you happen to decide for whatever your particular reason may be to clean up your computer history file it is actually an extremely easy task. If keeping your privacy is important to you and you do not wish for others to know what websites you have viewed recently then your worries are at an end. Here is how you can clean up your computer history file.Begin by opening your internet program. Usually this is the Microsoft Internet Explorer. You will initially need to open this program before you can eliminate any built up history. So regardless of whether you are running Internet Explorer, Safari, Mozilla Firefox or any similar net browsing program you must start by opening the program.Once the program has loaded and is running you will need to find the internet options. All browsers have an area known as internet options. Often it is located beneath the tools dropdown menu. We will use the Microsoft internet explorer as a sample. Start by clicking on tools at the top of the browser. When the menu drops down look for internet options and click on it. A box will pop up with various tabs located at the top. The tab that we are looking for is the General tab. Now once this tab has been located if you look down the tabbed section you will see something which says Browsing History. You will see two buttons located there which read Delete and Settings.The history file is a computer file that indexes all your page views as to where you have gone and what you have viewed. If you click delete you will remove all the information that is on your computer and reveals where you have been on the internet. Be patient as this deletion process can take a little while to fully complete especially if you had not performed the task previously. If you click on the setting button you will be able to actually tell the computer to maintain your viewing history for a set amount of days and then it will erase the older information.

Infromation About Computer Virus

There are so lots of different ways to get a virus on your computer. Compromising emails or attachments are the most common ways to get an unwanted virus on your computer but you can also get a virus from visiting certain types of web-sites or browsing around. On the top of the list sits the pornographic web-sites, they're loaded with viruses. they should basically seldom be visited. Other web-sites that enjoy dispersing viruses are some game playing web-sites, file sharing, & music downloads.Some web-sites attach a malicious code to their cookies so if you're lacking security in your browser or have no firewall it's fairly certain that you will get loaded down with lots & lots of cookies that are full of malware, resulting in a browser virus. lots of still wonder who & why these viruses are written. The answer could be five of several factors such as children testing their computer abilities; they're computer savvy & spend a lot of time on the net. Some are high school or college students that have a sincere interest in committing cyber crimes & what's known as cyber vandalism. All virus writers usually excel in math. some of these virus writers are people who grew up but seldom grew out of their interest in writing viruses. they're usually part of a network of people who get off on spreading computer viruses to the best of their ability.Know that they know who is generally responsible, you may be wondering why. lots of do it basically for fraud, by writing a group of Trojans; they're able to steal other people's log in information & passwords to gain access into other people's web resources. basically it is done as a way to get something for nothing & it is a way to use the web for free.Another way that virus writers operate is to generate bot networks or zombie networks that infect computers with identical malicious code. These are generally used as spamming platforms. The hackers have tools that make sure that virus is installed without any consent or knowledge of the user. they're also disguised so that they can not be detected by any anti virus or anti spy ware protection. Virus writers also use their knowledge for financial profit. they hack into Pay Pal accounts & web banking systems & steal money.The Trojans are used to gather all of the pertinent information that is necessary & then it is forwarded to the person in charge. Cyber extortion is also another crime that is committed from virus writers or hackers. In this, they blackmail companies & threaten to attack their entire corporate method if they do not get the revenues that they're asking for. This is called crime ware.Regardless of the advances that technology makes it seems that anyone is always a quick step either ahead or behind to cause a lot of chaos in the lives of people who rely on the web to conduct their daily routines.

To open Ms Excel

Start>Run>type Excel>Enter key

Some Shut cut Information

1) To Open MicroSoft Word
start>Run>type winword>Press Enter key

Microsoft Information

Microsoft Corporation is a United States-based multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices.Headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA, its most profitable products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software.

The company was founded to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Windows line of operating systems. Its products have all achieved near-ubiquity in the desktop computer market. One commentator notes that Microsoft's original mission was "a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software." Microsoft possesses footholds in other markets, with assets such as the MSNBC cable television network, the MSN Internet portal, and the Microsoft Encarta multimedia encyclopedia. The company also markets both computer hardware products such as the Microsoft mouse as well as home entertainment products such as the Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune and MSN TV. The company's initial public stock offering (IPO) was in 1986; the ensuing rise of the company's stock price has made four billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees

Printer

It is an output device which helps us to print our data, picture etc on the sheet of the paper. In the modern times there are so many types, model, brand of printer.

In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent human-readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most newer printers, a USB cable to a computer which serves as a document source. Some printers, commonly known as network printers, have built-in network interfaces (typically wireless or Ethernet), and can serve as a hardcopy device for any user on the network. Individual printers are often designed to support both local and network connected users at the same time.
In addition, a few modern printers can directly interface to electronic media such as memory sticks or memory cards, or to image capture devices such as digital cameras, scanners; some printers are combined with a scanners and/or fax machines in a single unit, and can function as photocopiers. Printers that include non-printing features are sometimes called Multifunction Printers (MFP), Multi-Function Devices (MFD), or All-In-One (AIO) printers. Most MFPs include printing, scanning, and copying among their features. A Virtual printer is a piece of computer software whose user interface and API resemble that of a printer driver, but which is not connected with a physical computer printer.

Printer types

The following technologies are either obsolete, or limited to special applications though most were, at one time, in widespread use.

Impact printers rely on a forcible impact to transfer ink to the media, similar to the action of a typewriter. All but the dot matrix printer rely on the use of formed characters, letterforms that represent each of the characters that the printer was capable of printing. In addition, most of these printers were limited to monochrome printing in a single typeface at one time, although bolding and underlining of text could be done by overstriking, that is, printing two or more impressions in the same character position. Impact printers varieties include, Typewriter-derived printers, Teletypewriter-derived printers, Daisy wheel printers, Dot matrix printers and Line printers. Dot matrix printers remain in common use in businesses where multi-part forms are printed, such as car rental service counters. An overview of impact printing [5] contains a detailed description of many of the technologies used.
Pen-based plotters were an alternate printing technology once common in engineering and architectural firms. Pen-based plotters rely on contact with the paper (but not impact, per se), and special purpose pens that are mechanically run over the paper to create text and images.

Typewriter-derived printers
Main articles: Friden Flexowriter and IBM Selectric typewriter
Several different computer printers were simply computer-controllable versions of existing electric typewriters. The Friden Flexowriter and IBM Selectric typewriter were the most-common examples. The Flexowriter printed with a conventional typebar mechanism while the Selectric used IBM's well-known "golf ball" printing mechanism. In either case, the letter form then struck a ribbon which was pressed against the paper, printing one character at a time. The maximum speed of the Selectric printer (the faster of the two) was 15.5 characters per second.

Teletypewriter-derived printers
The common teleprinter could easily be interfaced to the computer and became very popular except for those computers manufactured by IBM. Some models used a "typebox" that was positioned (in the X- and Y-axes) by a mechanism and the selected letter from was struck by a hammer. Others used a type cylinder in a similar way as the Selectric typewriters used their type ball. In either case, the letter form then struck a ribbon to print the letterform. Most teleprinters operated at ten characters per second although a few achieved 15 CPS.

Daisy wheel printers
Main article: Daisy wheel printer
Daisy-wheel printers operate in much the same fashion as a typewriter. A hammer strikes a wheel with petals (the daisy wheel), each petal containing a letter form at its tip. The letter form strikes a ribbon of ink, depositing the ink on the page and thus printing a character. By rotating the daisy wheel, different characters are selected for printing.
These printers were also referred to as letter-quality printers because, during their heyday, they could produce text which was as clear and crisp as a typewriter (though they were nowhere near the quality of printing presses). The fastest letter-quality printers printed at 30 characters per second.

Dot-matrix printers
Main article: Dot matrix printer
In the general sense many printers rely on a matrix of pixels, or dots, that together form the larger image. However, the term dot matrix printer is specifically used for impact printers that use a matrix of small pins to create precise dots. The advantage of dot-matrix over other impact printers is that they can produce graphical images in addition to text; however the text is generally of poorer quality than impact printers that use letterforms (type).

A Tandy 1000 HX with a Tandy DMP-133 dot-matrix printer.
Dot-matrix printers can be broadly divided into two major classes:
Ballistic wire printers .
Dot matrix printers can either be character-based or line-based (that is, a single horizontal series of pixels across the page), referring to the configuration of the print head.
At one time, dot matrix printers were one of the more common types of printers used for general use - such as for home and small office use. Such printers would have either 9 or 24 pins on the print head. 24-pin print heads were able to print at a higher quality. Once the price of inkjet printers dropped to the point where they were competitive with dot matrix printers, dot matrix printers began to fall out of favor for general use.

Some dot matrix printers, such as the NEC P6300, can be upgraded to print in color. This is achieved through the use of a four-color ribbon mounted on a mechanism (provided in an upgrade kit that replaces the standard black ribbon mechanism after installation) that raises and lowers the ribbons as needed. Color graphics are generally printed in four passes at standard resolution, thus slowing down printing considerably. As a result, color graphics can take up to four times longer to print than standard monochrome graphics, or up to 8-16 times as long at high resolution mode.

Dot matrix printers are still commonly used in low-cost, low-quality applications like cash registers, or in demanding, very high volume applications like invoice printing. The fact that they use an impact printing method allows them to be used to print multi-part documents using carbonless copy paper (like sales invoices and credit card receipts), whereas other printing methods are unusable with paper of this type. Dot-matrix printers are now (as of 2005) rapidly being superseded even as receipt printers.

Line printers
Line printers, as the name implies, print an entire line of text at a time. Three principal designs existed. In drum printers, a drum carries the entire character set of the printer repeated in each column that is to be printed. In chain printers (also known as train printers), the character set is arranged multiple times around a chain that travels horizontally past the print line. In either case, to print a line, precisely timed hammers strike against the back of the paper at the exact moment that the correct character to be printed is passing in front of the paper. The paper presses forward against a ribbon which then presses against the character form and the impression of the character form is printed onto the paper.
Comb printers represent the third major design. These printers were a hybrid of dot matrix printing and line printing. In these printers, a comb of hammers printed a portion of a row of pixels at one time (for example, every eighth pixel). By shifting the comb back and forth slightly, the entire pixel row could be printed (continuing the example, in just eight cycles). The paper then advanced and the next pixel row was printed. Because far less motion was involved than in a conventional dot matrix printer, these printers were very fast compared to dot matrix printers and were competitive in speed with formed-character line printers while also being able to print dot-matrix graphics.

Line printers were the fastest of all impact printers and were used for bulk printing in large computer centres. They were virtually never used with personal computers and have now been replaced by high-speed laser printers.
Line printers, better known as linematrix printers are widely used in the automotive, logistic and banking world for high speed and barcode printing. They are known as robust and durable printers that have the lowest price per page (form). Companies as Printronix Inc. and TallyGenicom are the leading manufactures today.
The legacy of line printers lives on in many computer operating systems, which use the abbreviations "lp", "lpr", or "LPT" to refer to printers.

Pen-based plotters
A plotter is a vector graphics printing device which operates by moving a pen over the surface of paper. Plotters have been (and still are) used in applications such as computer-aided design, though they are being replaced with wide-format conventional printers (which nowadays have sufficient resolution to render high-quality vector graphics using a rasterized print engine). It is commonplace to refer to such wide-format printers as "plotters", even though such usage is technically incorrect.

Digital camera

This is an input device . It is very useful device to input our desired photo, video to our computer.

Input/Output devices

a) Keyboard:

It is an in put divices. Which helps us to input the data, instruction to the computer.It contains more than 102 keys. Keyboard is very essential device in which its key are also categories like this:

i) Alphabet key

Alphabet key:

A-Z key are known as alphabet keys. This key are used to type letter as well as combining to other for shut-cut key.

ii) Number Key

0- 9 key are knwon as number keys.

iii) Numeric key

Key such as -, +, /, * etc are known as numeric key.

iv) Functional key

F1 to F12 keys are known as functional key.

v) Special key

Ctrl, Alt, Spacebar key, insert, delete etc key are known as special key

Process to turn off computer

- Click on start button
- Click on turn off computer
- Again click on turn off
- Press power button off of the monitor

Introduction of Computer

To define or introduce computer it is very complex. Because computer is such a device for which we cannot limit it by introducing within a paragraph, sentence or with in word.
But to know somehow about it we can use a technique by pointing it some important point.

1. An electronic device
Computer is an electronic device. Like television, radio, refrigerator, computer also needs electricity/power to work. So it is an electronic device.

2. Inputs the data
Computer is such types of device which can accepts the data which is given by the user according to their work.

3. Process the data
It can process the inputed data given by the user according to the types of the computer and user’s purpose. It means that computer can calculate mathematical and logical operation.

4. Outputs the data
When user inputs the data the computer process that according to the the user command and again gives result, which is 100 % correct as a output form to the user.

5. Storages the data
If we have our file or document related to the computer or already created any data/files in our computer, we can save that for further use. So computer is such types of device which can store files/data.

Some useful definition of computer
a) Computer is an electronic device which can accept data, calculated mathematical and logical problem as well as save for further use in a very high speed.

b) Computer is an electronics device which has inputting, processing, outputting and storage capability.

Computer term/words

Before learning and knowing about computer we

have to recite some useful term and Parts of Personal/Micro computer .

i) Monitor
It looks like our televison, which displays the computer outputted action.

ii) CPU
It is known as the main parts of computer which contains motherboard, expansion slots, Ram, CDROM, Power Supply as well as so many chips and micro processors.

iii) Mouse
It is a pointing device of computer which looks like as real mouse.

iv) Sound device/ speaker
It is used to output sound by the computer.

v) UPS/ volt guard
It is essential device which helps to control the electrical voltage as well as supply electricity to the computer.

Terms of computer

1) Desktop

When computer is on it displays the first appearance containing start menu, taskbar and other default icons on the screen, that screen is known as desktop.

2) Taskbar

The horizontal/vertical line of the desktop which contains start button, running programs, clock and other icons is taskbar.

3) Hardware

Hardware means any physical part of the computer that can be touched, felt. For example mouse, CPU, Monitor etc.

4) Software

Any Program used in computer which can be seen but cannot be felt or touched is known as software. For example Ms word, Adobe Photoshop, Yahoo Messenger etc.

Process to open computer

- Connect correctly the power cable
- Press power button on of the monitor
- Press power button on of the CPU
- After a moment it will be opened